Climate change is expected to decrease the number of avalanches in Switzerland by 2100, yet it will increase the risk of wet snow avalanches, particularly above the tree line. Researchers suggest that the only effective safety measure in danger zones may be the closure of ski resorts, given the anticipated rise in average winter temperatures.
Climate change is projected to alter the avalanche landscape in Switzerland by the year 2100, resulting in a decrease in the overall number of avalanches, but an increased risk of wet snow avalanches. Researchers from the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) indicate that the warming climate will likely lead to a higher incidence of wet snow avalanches, especially above the tree line, due to moisture from melting snow or rain. Furthermore, although dry snow avalanches are expected to become less frequent with warming winters, extreme snowfall events may still pose significant risks, particularly in higher elevations. The SLF’s analysis encompassed data from seven sites across the Swiss Alps, including high-altitude locations such as Weissfluhjoch above Davos and a station close to Zermatt at 2,700 meters. The findings suggest that with an approximate five degrees Celsius rise in winter temperatures by 2100, avalanche activity will see notable reductions. However, altered weather patterns may still facilitate larger avalanches originating at higher altitudes, which could follow channels into valley regions, echoing current avalanche behavior under certain conditions. In light of these changes, researchers emphasize that the only effective safety measure for ski resorts in perilous zones may be their closure.
The discussion surrounding avalanches in Switzerland highlights the broader impact of climate change on extreme weather phenomena. The WSL Institute’s research aims to provide insights into the potential changes in avalanche behavior due to rising temperatures, emphasizing the need for adaptive measures in snow safety and risk management in alpine regions. With the diverse climatic conditions in the Alps, findings from Switzerland may offer significant parallels for other mountainous areas, such as the Columbia Mountains in Canada. The increasing frequency of wet snow avalanches could necessitate new strategies in winter sports and outdoor activities, as safety considerations evolve in response to changing environmental conditions.
In summary, the analysis conducted by the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research underscores significant shifts in avalanche activity in Switzerland prompted by climate change. Although fewer avalanches are anticipated overall, the heightened risk of wet snow avalanches poses challenges for safety and preparedness in mountainous regions. Key recommendations include enhanced monitoring and potentially the closure of ski resorts in high-risk areas to mitigate danger.
Original Source: www.swissinfo.ch
